Michael Crichton’s Sphere

Michael Crichton’s novel Sphere was published in 1987. The novel was successful and was well received by critics. The 1988 film adaptation made some significant changes and was very poorly received and was a box-office flop. The fact that Crichton himself was not involved with the film in any way may account for its failure.

The novel begins with a team of four scientists assembled by the U.S. Navy to investigate what the Navy describes as an anomaly a thousand feet below the surface of the South Pacific Ocean. The Navy’s cover story is that it is an air crash scene.

The team comprises astrophysicist Ted Fielding, mathematician Harry Adams, zoologist Beth Halpern and psychologist Norman Johnson. Their investigation will entail spending a week in a deep-sea habitat. Norman is not happy about this but it’s his own fault. He’s the one who, eight years earlier, wrote the protocol for dealing with such a situation and who recommended the inclusion of a psychologist on the grounds that the situation would put the members of such a team under extreme stress.

This is not an air crash. It is a spacecraft crash, and there is clear evidence that the crashed spaceship has been on the ocean floor for at least three hundred years. Which obviously means that it’s an alien spacecraft.

The scientific team will be dealing with the first contact with an alien civilisation.

Norman Johnson’s specialities are the effects of stress and more specifically the effects of stress on human group dynamics. In this case there will be plenty of stress and the group dynamics will be complex and potentially explosive. There are tensions right from the start. This novel is, among many other things, a psychological thriller. And Crichton integrates the psychological thriller and science fiction elements seamlessly.

Right from the start the attitude of Harry Adams is puzzling. This is because he has figured something out. It is not only clear to him that the Navy has withheld important information he has also figured out exactly what it is that they haven’t been told. He is both worried and amused.

The fact that the team members are unaware that the situation is not what it seems to be is important and it’s also important that the reader is unaware of this. For this reason I’m going to be even more careful than usual about hinting at anything that might be a spoiler. Crichton has gone to a lot of trouble to reveal a whole series of secrets to us in a gradual way. Just as we think we know what’s going on he springs another surprise on us.

There’s not just the spacecraft. Aboard the spacecraft is the sphere. What is the sphere and how is it connected with the spacecraft?

Crichton started his literary career as a writer of thrillers and he never forgot the basic techniques of that genre. His skills at building suspense and establishing an atmosphere of menace and paranoia and very evident in Sphere.

This is a classic “put a bunch of people is an isolated confined space and watch them become more and more paranoid” story.

This is also Big Ideas science fiction and in this book he combines a number of big ideas in extremely interesting ways.

This is a novel that came out just before the wave of undersea science fiction adventure films such as The Abyss and it may well have helped to kick off that boom. Sphere is certainly a vastly better story than The Abyss.

Sphere is ambitious and it’s an impressive achievement. Highly recommended.

I’ve reviewed many of Crichton’s books including Scratch One, The Terminal Man, The Andromeda Strain, Binary and Congo. And I’ve reviewed his movies Coma (1978), Looker (1981) and Westworld (1973).

Michael Crichton's Zero Cool

Zero Cool is one of the early thrillers written by Michael Crichton under the name John Lange. It was published in 1969, the same year in which Crichton hit the big time with The Andromeda Strain (his first novel published under his own name).

Crichton qualified as a medical doctor in 1969. He never practised but his time at medical school was certainly not wasted. His enthusiasm for medicine, science and technology is obvious in all his books.

The hero of Zero Cool, Dr Peter Ross, is a young American radiologist. He has just qualified as has rewarded himself with a month-long vacation in Spain. He has been told that the beaches in Spain are knee-deep in very attractive very friendly girls. This should be a very pleasant holiday.

He meets a very nice girl indeed almost straight away. Angela is an English stewardess.

Then Peter is accosted by a very agitated Spaniard who warns him not to perform the autopsy. Peter has no idea what the guy is talking about.

And then he is approached by the Carrinis. They tell him a sad story that their eldest brother has been shot and killed and his dying wish is to be buried in the United States (the country from which he was deported some years earlier). But an autopsy must be carried out and they want Peter to perform it. Coming on top of the warning of the day before the mention of an autopsy makes Peter very nervous. He refuses. He is also puzzled. He is a radiologist. He is not even qualified to perform autopsies.

He performs the autopsy, more or less at gunpoint. The autopsy includes one very unusual feature.

Karin, the nurse who assisted at the autopsy, claims to have something to tell him that he needs to know.

Then he is set up and to avoid arrest takes refuge in the first hotel room he comes to where he is helped out by an almost naked blonde. She wants him to sell her information that he doesn’t have.

Things slowly get weirder. He meets the Professor, a very crazy guy. The tall American, Tex, is a bit crazy as well. And he hasn’t met the count yet. There are at least three separate groups and they all want something but Peter has no idea what it is. Karin did offer him a clue. It involves Mexico, and Cortes. The more Peter figures out the stranger it seems.

There’s plenty of action along the way and Peter gets beaten up, kidnapped, tortured, brainwashed and arrested. The plot has lots of twists and double-crosses and Peter realises he can’t trust any of these crazies. There are some fine imaginative action set-pieces and then there are the birds and they’re a very clever touch.

One of this book’s major strengths is that it features an assortment of colourful villains with mysterious motivations. There’s also an assortment of beautiful girls but whether they’re nice girls or evil girls is impossible to say.

Peter isn’t way out of his depth when it comes to dealing with these bizarre situations but he does have a well-developed instinct for self-preservation and a good deal of curiosity.

Exotic settings, fast pacing, solid plotting, hair’s-breadth escapes, crazed criminal masterminds and beautiful dangerous women - if these are the things you look for in a thriller you’ll find a great deal to enjoy in Zero Cool. Highly recommended.

I’ve reviewed lots of Michael Crichton’s books - Scratch One, Congo, The Terminal Man and The Andromeda Strain. I’m a major Crichton fan.

Michael Crichton’s Binary

Binary, published in 1972, was Michael Crichton’s eleventh novel and the last that he wrote using the John Lange pseudonym. By this time Crichton was already a bestselling author following the huge success of The Andromeda Strain in 1969.

This is very much a techno-thriller. Technology plays a significant role but it’s all technology that actually existed in 1972. There’s a lot of fascinating stuff about the computer technology of that time. It deals with hacking. Hacking certainly went on at that time but it was a concept that had not yet entered public consciousness in a major way. Crichton always loved dealing with cutting-edge current technology rather than futuristic tech. He liked to be just a little ahead of the curve.

A State Department intelligence officer named John Graves has been in charge of a major surveillance operation. The target is John Wright. Wright is very wealthy and he’s a brilliant man but he does not appear to have broken any laws. This is something that makes Graves uncomfortable - he is not at ease with the idea of the American Government spying on its own citizens especially when they appear to be law-abiding citizens. Wright is under suspicion merely because he is the kind of man who might conceivably be a threat.

Wright is a political activist but like so many political activists his ideas are muddled and inconsistent. He seems to see himself as a political messiah. And while he has been careful to stay within the law there is now reason to suspect that he has now been involved at least indirectly in something illegal and genuinely worrying. Wright has a close associate, a man named Drew, who has been engaging in computer hacking. What’s worrying is that he has been hacking Defence Department computers. More worrying is that nobody can say for sure exactly what files he has been accessing, or why. When Graves figures that out it’s obvious that there is a very big problem indeed - Wright may be in possession of huge quantities of a terrifyingly potent nerve gas.

This is a political thriller but mostly it’s a psychological thriller. One of the files that has been hacked is Graves’ personal file. Graves realises that Wright’s primary motivation is game-playing. He is challenging Graves to a deadly game. Wright has been looking for a worthy opponent and Graves, a brilliant intelligence agent, qualifies on that count.

It’s possible that Wright doesn’t actually have any coherent political motive at all. He’s like a megalomaniac without a cause. What matters to Wright is winning the game and proving his towering genius to the world. He is probably quite insane. That could make Graves’ job extremely difficult except for the fortunate fact that Graves understands Wright’s madness. Graves is not insane, but in many ways his mind works the same way.

Wright has conceived a grandiose plan which consists of endless layers of complexity. Graves can never be sure how many further levels of fiendish complexity remain to be unraveled. And he can never be sure whether Wright is simply leading him on.

It’s a tense exciting story with plenty of fear but it’s Crichton’s handling of the psychological game-playing that makes it a great thriller. Graves and Wright are both great characters.

The nerve gas stuff is fascinating but it’s the 1972 computer tech that is most fun.

And there’s plenty of focus on bureaucratic madness, inter-agency rivalries and the catastrophic effects of the politicisation of every aspect of law enforcement and security.

Binary is superb entertainment. Very highly recommended.

I’ve reviewed quite a few of Crichton’s novels - The Andromeda Strain, Scratch One and The Terminal Man. I recommend these books very highly.

Michael Crichton’s The Terminal Man

Michael Crichton’s science fiction techno-thriller The Terminal Man was published in 1972.

Michael Crichton (1942–2008) had broken through as a bestselling author with The Andromeda Strain in 1969. The Terminal Man sees Crichton once again drawing on his medical training (he qualified as a doctor but never practised). The Terminal Man is also the sort of thing Crichton really enjoyed doing - dealing with science and technology that already existed or was very very likely to exist in the near future.

Harry Benson suffers from psychomotor epilepsy. He has seizures but they affect his behaviour rather than having physical manifestations. He has blackouts lasting several hours and during those times he becomes extreme violent. He has already been in trouble with the police and now he has committed a brutal assault that could land him in prison. The University Hospital Neuro-Psychiatric Service (NPS) has offered him experimental brain surgery that will probably prevent these seizures.

The team at NPS believe that it’s the seizures that lead Benson, an otherwise peaceable man, to commit acts of extreme violence.

Benson will be the first human to undergo the procedure. The head surgeon, Dr Ellis, is very confident.

The team’s head psychiatrist, Dr Janet Ross, is not so sure. Benson has other problems. He has delusions. He is a brilliant but unstable computer technician and he believes that the machines are taking over. He is borderline psychotic. Dr Ross fear that as a result the results of the operation will be unpredictable. It might make Benson worse.

The operation involves planting electrodes in the brain, then later monitoring the brain waves to find out which electrodes will prevent seizures. When a seizure is coming on the electrode stimulates the appropriate area of the brain and the seizure is halted in its tracks.

The doctors overlooked a couple of things. These electrical stimulations can be pleasant. Very pleasant. Like an orgasm. And they overlooked the possibility that Benson could learn to provoke those stimulations. Which would mean he could just go on continually giving himself these stimuli. Which would in turn lead to a kind of brain overload which would provoke a seizure. And those seizures cause Benson to become uncontrollably and brutally violent. The NPS computer experts are confident none of these things can actually happen. Then they look at Benson’s brain waves and realise it is already happening.

And then Benson escapes from the hospital. Another thing that was overlooked was that Benson is a very very smart guy.

Now it’s a race against time. The computer predicts that within six hours Benson will reach that tip-over point and have a major seizure. Somebody could get very seriously hurt. The police will almost certainly become involved. There will be a public outcry about irresponsible scientists playing around with mind control. Dr Ellis’s career will be in ruins. The NPS may be shut down.

And Benson is psychotic. He has paranoid delusions about machines taking over the world. It is impossible to predict where he might go and what he might do. And he’s smart enough to cover his tracks.

This is not a mad scientist tale or even a warning about scientists playing God. Crichton was certainly not anti-science. It’s more a warning that the future can be predicted only up to a point. Society is too complex and human beings are too complex to allow accurate predictions. Any complex system is inherently unpredictable. Crichton isn’t suggesting that scientific and technological progress is bad but he is suggesting that a considerable degree of caution is required.

There’s also some fascinating and remarkably prescient speculation about machine intelligence being a dead end. It might turn out that genuine artificial intelligence will have to be biologically based rather than electronic. That’s one of the themes of the book - enhancing or modifying the brain has more potential than mere machines. That’s what Benson has done - he has learnt to modify his own brain function. Unfortunately he’s done in a chaotic manner that may lead to disaster.

This is classic Crichton - lots of fascinating technical stuff presented in an understandable manner, some ethical quandaries and a tense fast-moving thriller plot. Highly recommended.

I’ve also reviewed Crichton's The Andromeda Strain and Scratch One.

Michael Crichton's Scratch One

Michael Crichton is best remembered for his novels in the science fiction/techno-thriller genres but early in his career he wrote quite a few straightforward thrillers using the pseudonym John Lange. Scratch One, published in 1967, was his second novel.

The basic concept, a poor innocent schmuck who gets drawn into a web of espionage and has no idea what is going on, has been used often but here it’s done with real style and energy. In this case it begins with a case of mistaken identity.

Roger Carr is an American lawyer who is in Nice to buy a villa for a client. He really is just a lawyer. And he really is in France to be a villa. Unfortunately he looks just enough like Morgan to be mistaken for him by someone making an identification solely from a photograph. And he’s arrived on the plane on which Morgan was expected to be travelling. Who is Morgan? Morgan is an assassin employed by the US Government. By the CIA in fact.

Morgan had been assigned by the CIA to kill every member of an Arab organisation known as the Associates. The five members of the Associates have found out about an arms deal involving Israel. It’s an arms deal that the Americans wanted kept secret. There were various options for dealing with the Associates but in order to avoid embarrassing publicity the CIA felt the best method was simply to kill them all.

The Associates know about Morgan. They want him dealt with and they have mistaken Roger Carr for the assassin. The local CIA people are also under the impression that Roger Carr is Morgan.

Roger Carr isn’t a great lawyer but he’s rather a success with the ladies. And then Anne comes along. Anne is an Australian model. He really likes her and he starts to fall for her, hard.

Anne gets captured. Poor old Roger gets captured and tortured by the Associates. He gets arrested by the French cops as well. And interrogated by the CIA. Nobody believes anything he says. This is the world of espionage. There are endless layers of deception. He could be a simple lawyer pretending to be an assassin pretending o be a regular lawyer. Everyone assumes that everyone else is lying. The most confusing thing you can do is tell the truth. If you genuinely seem to be telling the truth then you must be lying.

Roger is a bumbling amateur. But the truth is that the Associates are bumbling amateurs as well. They make a mess of even the simplest assassinations. And the CIA guys are bunglers as well. The guys who take all this espionage stuff most seriously and think of themselves as professionals are the worst bunglers of all. Roger really is a compete amateur but he’s not as foolish and incompetent as the professionals.

The French cops actually do know what they’re doing but they’re hamstrung by their reluctance to get embroiled in a major CIA fiasco.

The Associates are the bad guys but the whole CIA operation is sleazy and immoral. There aren’t really any straightforward bad guys. The arms deal is essentially a MacGuffin. Crichton isn’t interested in the politics. He’s interested in the amount of mayhem that can be caused by spy agencies and spy rings who are nowhere near as smart as they think they are, and he’s interested in the duplicity of the entire word of espionage. He handles this subject with style and wit.

And he gives some fine action and suspense and thrills as well.

This may seem odd but this book reminds me a bit of John le Carré’s The Looking Glass War, a great novel (probably le Carré’s finest) about a hopelessly bungled British intelligence operation. Both le Carré’s novel and Scratch One have more than a touch of absurdism. The le Carré book is darker but both have touches of black comedy.

I enjoyed Scratch One so much that I’m now anxious to read all of Crichton’s early thrillers. Highly recommended.

Michael Crichton's The Andromeda Strain

During the 1960s Michael Crichton had written several thrillers under pseudonyms. The Andromeda Strain, which appeared in 1969, was his first novel published under his own name and was his first foray into science fiction. It is perhaps better considered as a techno-thriller since the technology in the story is cutting-edge present-day tech rather than futuristic tech.

The Andromeda Strain was made into an excellent 1971 movie.

It all begins when the Scoop VII satellite returns to Earth. There is something important about that Scoop satellite which is revealed early in the novel but is kept under wraps until very late in the movie. It doesn’t come down where it was supposed to. It comes down near Piedmont which is a tiny town, more a hamlet really, in Arizona. A couple of Air Force guys are sent to retrieve it. They don’t come back, but they do transmit a disturbing message. Everybody in the town is dead. A flyover by a reconnaissance jet confirms that disaster has struck Piedmont. There are bodies everywhere. Including the bodies of the two Air Force guys.

This means a Wildfire Alert has to be activated.

Project Wildfire was set up to deal with the possibility that a spacecraft might one day return to Earth carrying an extraterrestrial organism. This is most likely to be a micro-organism. The possibility that such an organism could be dangerous has been considered. Wildfire can deal with this. They have an incredibly well-equipped underground laboratory in Nevada with layer upon layer of security. There is no chance at all of a micro-organism getting loose once it’s been isolated at the Wildfire lab. When a Wildfire Alert is called a team of five crack scientists will be assembled at the Wildfire lab. If these guys can’t figure out what makes an extraterrestrial organism tick and how to deal with the possible dangers then no-one can.

And there’s one final absolutely foolproof safeguard. If something goes wrong the lab will self-destruct. There’s a nuclear warhead there to take care of this. And of course if a spaceship returns to Earth carrying alien organisms the landing site will be nuked.

If there’s a theme to this book it’s that no matter how much thought you put into preparing for possible disaster, no matter how many levels of security you have, some minor unpredictable thing will always go wrong. And even the most brilliant scientists can make very simple mistakes.

There’s obviously a deadly micro-organism. It is given the name the Andromeda Strain. But it seems to work in bizarre ways. It kills with breathtaking speed. Except when it doesn’t. Then it kills slowly. And there were two survivors. They seem totally unaffected. But they have nothing in common.

And then there’s the crash of the Phantom jet. Something very very strange caused that crash. Something that cannot be connected to the extraterrestrial organism. And yet it must be connected. The Phantom crashed immediately after flying over Piedmont.

Crichton goes to great lengths to give the impression that this is some kind of semi-official account. He gives us printouts of scientific test results. We’e not expected to read them. They’re there to make it seem like the author had access to official documents. The style is very brisk and matter-of-fact. It all works. We feel like this could all have really happened.

Crichton doesn’t get distracted by character stuff. That would ruin the illusion that this is an historical account of real events. And science fiction doesn’t need characterisation. It gets in the way. Crichton keeps his story moving along very briskly. We don’t want the book slowed down by the internal emotional agonising of the characters. We just want the facts.

There’s an intriguing scientific mystery to be solved and there’s plenty of suspense. The reader knows things that the Wildfire scientists don’t know, and we know that this really is a race against time.

The Andromeda Strain is top-notch stuff. Highly recommended.